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Google AI: US Intel's Wikipedia Editing Activities

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Q.- Does US intel moderate Wikipedia entries? A.- U.S. intelligence agencies do not officially moderate Wikipedia entries, as the platform is managed by the nonprofit Wikimedia Foundation and a decentralized global community of volunteer editors. However, there is extensive documented evidence that personnel within agencies like the CIA and FBI have actively edited Wikipedia articles. The primary distinction is between official moderation (having administrative control over what stays on the site) and editing (altering pages anonymously like standard users). Tracing Government Edits The most concrete evidence of intelligence community involvement came to light through WikiScanner, a data-tracking tool developed by researcher Virgil Griffith. By cross-referencing anonymous Wikipedia revisions with the public IP address blocks owned by corporations and government offices, the tool revealed several targeted interventions: • The CIA: Computers registered to the Central Intelligence Agency ...
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GOOGLE AI: Budapest Memorandum and Ukraine War

Q.- What is the Budapest Memorandum under US law? A.- Under U.S. law and international law, the Budapest Memorandum on Security Assurances (signed on December 5, 1994) is a non-legally binding political agreement rather than a ratified treaty or a formal defense pact. [ 1 , 2 , 3 ] Key Legal Characteristics Not a Treaty: The Memorandum was never submitted to or ratified by the U.S. Senate as a treaty under Article II of the U.S. Constitution. It does not carry the force of domestic statutory law or a mutual defense treaty. Assurances vs. Guarantees: U.S. negotiators intentionally used the term "assurances" instead of "guarantees" to avoid creating a binding legal or military obligation requiring the United States to go to war on Ukraine's behalf (unlike Article 5 of the NATO Charter). [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ] What the U.S. Promised: In exchange for Ukraine giving up its Soviet-era nuclear arsenal and joining the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons ...
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